# CNC Turning for Aerospace Landing Gear: Process Route

> Precision Advanced Manufacturing machines flight-critical landing gear to tight tolerances. See our process route from forging to finished surface.

**Published:** 2026-10-02 | **Updated:** 2026-10-02 | **Author:** precision
**URL:** https://precisionam.com/articles/precision-machining/cnc-turning-aerospace-landing-gear/
**Type:** post

**Categories:** Precision Machining

![CNC Turning for Aerospace Landing Gear: Process Route](https://blog.precisionam.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/56/2026/10/1790417451330-e283ba2cf10e-1024x572.webp)

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## Content

## Key Takeaways for Landing Gear CNC Turning

- CNC turning produces the axisymmetric, tight-tolerance cylindrical features in landing gear components such as shock strut cylinders, pistons, axles, trunnions and pin bores.
- High-strength alloys such as 300M, 4340, Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al are selected for strength, fatigue life and corrosion resistance. Material condition then determines whether hard turning or grinding serves as the final operation.
- Landing gear parts require tight tolerances on sealing and bearing surfaces. Rigid fixturing, temperature control, single-setup machining and CMM, roundness and surface-finish inspection support those requirements.
- The complete process route, from forging and material certification through rough turning, heat treatment, hard turning or grinding, shot peening, plating and NDT, follows AS9100D, AMS specifications and full traceability to protect fatigue life.
- Precision Advanced Manufacturing delivers this process route under one roof as a U.S.-based, ITAR-registered, AS9100D and ISO 9001:2015 certified provider.

[Discuss a landing gear turning project](https://precisionam.com/request-a-quote/?utm_source=ai-growht-agent&utm_term=cnc-turning-aerospace-landing-gear)

## CNC Turning’s Role in Landing Gear Assemblies

CNC turning sits at the core of landing gear manufacturing. Most landing gear hardware is axisymmetric, cylindrical, conical or flanged and relies on concentric, tight-tolerance diameters and bores that turning produces consistently.

![A CNC lathe with bar feeder on a precision machine shop floor.](https://cdn.aigrowthmarketer.co/1785163965087-cefe2f64913c.webp)**A CNC turning cell with bar feed runs precision round parts lights-out — consistent diameters and finishes at volume, fully traceable from raw stock to finished component.**

A landing gear assembly combines turned, milled and ground features. Turning establishes the primary cylindrical geometry such as shock strut bores, piston outer diameters, axle journals, trunnion bearing diameters and pin bores. Milling creates lugs, brackets, bolt patterns and non-rotational features. Grinding follows turning on sealing and bearing surfaces when surface finish and roundness requirements exceed turning capability.

All landing gear configurations, including tricycle, tailwheel, tandem and skid, depend on turned components. Tricycle and tandem gear use shock strut cylinders, pistons and axles as primary turned parts. Tailwheel gear uses smaller-diameter strut and axle components. Skid gear uses trunnion and attachment fittings with turned bearing bores.

Programs supported by this class of work include systems for Safran Landing Systems, Collins Aerospace, Héroux-Devtek and Liebherr on platforms such as the Boeing 777 and Boeing 737 families.

![A commercial airliner in flight against a blue sky.](https://cdn.aigrowthmarketer.co/1785164215115-cf050b902241.webp)**Aerospace manufacturing for flight-critical hardware — machined and fabricated to AS9100D with the traceability and repeatability commercial airframe programs depend on.**

Precision Advanced Manufacturing operates as a U.S.-based, ITAR-registered, AS9100D and ISO 9001:2015 certified machining provider with multi-axis CNC turning and integrated finishing in one facility for this tier of landing gear work.

[Explore multi-axis turning capacity](https://precisionam.com/request-a-quote/?utm_source=ai-growht-agent&utm_term=cnc-turning-aerospace-landing-gear)

## Landing Gear Materials and Machining Conditions

Strength, weight, fatigue life and corrosion resistance govern material selection for landing gear turning. Material condition then becomes the key decision variable. The choice between annealed, normalized, stress-relieved or hardened stock determines whether the final operation uses hard turning or grinding.

300M bar and forging stock per AMS 6257 is supplied in the annealed condition for rough machining, then heat treated after bulk material removal to limit distortion. Ti-6Al-4V parts are often rough-machined in a softer pre-STA state or machined in the supply condition and then aged, depending on distortion risk and stock allowances.

300M serves ultra-high-strength, fatigue-critical parts such as shock strut cylinders and axles. 4340 supports high-strength structural components where 300M’s extreme strength is not required. Ti-6Al-4V provides weight reduction and corrosion resistance for primary structural fittings. Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al covers high-strength, thick-section forgings where Ti-6Al-4V strength is insufficient.

Material certification, heat lot traceability and mill certificates accompany every lot. Precision Advanced Manufacturing machines these aerospace alloys to tight tolerances with full material traceability under AS9100D and ITAR-compliant systems.

[Review landing gear material capabilities](https://precisionam.com/request-a-quote/?utm_source=ai-growht-agent&utm_term=cnc-turning-aerospace-landing-gear)

## Critical Turned Landing Gear Component Families

Each landing gear component family carries specific turned features and tolerance challenges that drive the machining and inspection plan.

**Shock Strut Cylinders and Pistons.** Shock absorber strut cylinder inner bores hold tight tolerances on the piston sliding surface and seal engagement. Bore cylindricity and bore-to-outer-diameter concentricity stay controlled to maintain seal integrity, and sealing diameters are held tighter than the 1.6–3.2 µm Ra finish typical for landing gear and load-bearing structural frames. The chrome surface of the inner barrel must remain smooth and free of damage because chrome damage quickly destroys new seals.

**Axles.** Wheel axles require outboard and inboard bearing seats with tight diameter tolerances and concentricity from single-setup machining. Brake disc flange faces require controlled perpendicularity, and thread pitch diameters require tight control. Shoulder radii and fillets are critical for fatigue life because stress concentrations at these transitions often form primary fatigue crack initiation sites.

**Trunnions.** A trunnion is the projection from the cylinder of a retractable landing gear strut about which the strut pivots to retract. Turned bearing journals and pivot diameters carry tight runout requirements. Gear pivot trunnion structural bodies require tight diameter tolerances on pivot bores and controlled coaxiality on upper structural lug pairs.

**Actuator Bodies.** Turned bores and end features require concentricity and surface finish control. EMA cylinder housings require ball screw nut engagement bores with tight roundness. Output rod guide bores require controlled coaxiality on the mounting trunnion and clevis bore pair.

**Pin Bores, Bushings and Pins.** Interference-fit diameters, roundness and surface finish on bearing surfaces govern these components. Runout tolerances for precision applications such as high-speed spindles and precision bearings typically range from 0.001–0.005 mm, and landing gear pin bores fall in this class.

**Runout and Concentricity Stack-Up.** Tolerance accumulation across a shock strut assembly is managed by controlling datum structures and turning concentric features in a single setup when possible. Machining coaxial diameters and perpendicular faces in one setup reduces datum-transfer errors. This approach directly manages stack-up on multi-diameter strut assemblies.

These critical features demand a matching inspection stack. Surface finish (Ra) on fatigue-critical turned surfaces is measured with surface profilometers, and bore geometry is verified with CMMs and roundness testers. A complete inspection stack for landing gear turned components includes CMM for bore diameter and cylindricity, air gauges for 100 percent bore checks, roundness testers at multiple axial positions per piston rod and profilometers for Ra at multiple positions.

[Plan an inspection-ready component family](https://precisionam.com/request-a-quote/?utm_source=ai-growht-agent&utm_term=cnc-turning-aerospace-landing-gear)

## Tolerances on Landing Gear Pin Bores and Sealing Surfaces

Runout and concentricity stack-up set the practical limits for final tolerances. Landing gear parts are typically specified at tight tolerances on critical sealing and bearing diameters. Flight-critical components such as landing gear fittings routinely require the tightest tolerance classes, and sealing surfaces demand fine surface finish or better.

These tolerances are achieved in turning through rigid fixturing, in-process probing, temperature control and single-setup machining of concentric features. Temperature control matters because a steel workpiece expands as it heats, and a machining cycle that raises part temperature changes a dimension by a measurable amount. On tight tolerances, that expansion is enough to miss the limit, so temperature-controlled shop floors eliminate this source of error.

Verification uses CMM inspection, roundness and cylindricity measurement and surface finish measurement. Inspection reports and documentation accompany the parts. Tolerances require full GD&T position and profile control, and all characteristics receive documented inspection with CMM data and traceability to calibration standards.

![A CMM touch probe measuring a machined aluminum bracket.](https://cdn.aigrowthmarketer.co/1785164194032-a09872ce26c4.webp)**Every critical dimension is verified — CMM inspection and AS9100D-controlled quality workflows produce first-article and in-process data you can trace to each part.**

Tolerance capability is demonstrated during first article inspection per AS9102 before production release. Precision Advanced Manufacturing uses multi-axis CNC turning and in-house inspection and documentation systems to hold these tolerances from prototype through full-rate production.

[Confirm tolerance and inspection capability](https://precisionam.com/request-a-quote/?utm_source=ai-growht-agent&utm_term=cnc-turning-aerospace-landing-gear)

## Hard Turning and Grinding for Landing Gear Components

Holding these hardened-steel tolerances requires a choice between hard turning and grinding. Hard turning is defined as single-point CNC turning of steel already heat-treated to roughly 45 HRC or above. 300M landing gear steel is typically specified at 54–58 HRC per AMS 6257 Q&T. Hard turning finishes hardened landing gear components when geometry and surface requirements allow. Grinding serves features where surface integrity, roundness or finish requirements exceed turning capability.

![A machined metal part fixtured inside a CNC machining center.](https://cdn.aigrowthmarketer.co/1785163886671-8f5217244f88.webp)**Mission-critical components leave no room for deviation. Multi-axis CNC machining holds tight tolerances part after part, with full material traceability behind every feature.**

**White Layer and Thermal Damage Risk.** In hardened steels, grinding-induced thermal damage manifests as re-tempering or, in more severe cases, rapid re-hardening into a brittle white layer. Standard visual inspection cannot detect this metallurgical change. The same risk exists in hard turning when cutting parameters are not controlled. Grinding burn can produce white layer, temper softening of the case, tensile residual stresses and micro-cracking, and parts with grinding burn in fatigue-critical locations must be scrapped.

White layer risk is managed through appropriate cutting parameters, tooling selection, coolant strategy and post-process verification. Nital etch inspection uses a nitric acid solution to reveal grinding heat-affected areas through visible contrast changes, and SAE AMS2649 governs etch inspection for high-strength steel parts rated at 180,000 psi tensile strength or higher. When parameters are controlled, a large portion of the cutting heat in hard turning leaves with the chip, which keeps the workpiece and tool relatively cool.

**When Superfinishing or Low-Stress Grinding Follows Hard Turning.** Cylindrical grinding achieves tight roundness, tight diameter tolerances and fine surface finish levels. Hard turning alone cannot match this capability on sealing and bearing surfaces. Superfinishing or low-stress grinding often follows hard turning on these surfaces to meet Ra and surface-integrity requirements.

Hard turning produces compressive residual stresses on the machined surface that can improve fatigue life. Grinding can generate tensile residual stresses when parameters drift. The process route decision, whether hard turn only, hard turn then grind or grind only, is made by the process engineer and supplier together based on component geometry, material condition and drawing requirements. Precision Advanced Manufacturing applies in-house engineering and programming expertise to select the route for each landing gear component.

[Evaluate hard turning versus grinding](https://precisionam.com/request-a-quote/?utm_source=ai-growht-agent&utm_term=cnc-turning-aerospace-landing-gear)

## Process Route From Forging to Flight-Critical Surface

A turned landing gear component follows a defined sequence of operations. Each step carries an engineering decision that affects dimensional accuracy, surface integrity and fatigue life.

1. **Raw Stock or Forging and Material Certification.** The Forging Industry Association notes that forging compression aligns the internal grain structure along the part’s stress lines, which machining cannot achieve. Material certification, heat lot traceability and mill certificates are established at this stage and travel with the part through every subsequent operation.
2. **Rough Turning.** A typical machining sequence for a forged landing gear blank begins with removing forging scale and decarburized skin. Rough machining then brings the part toward near-net shape while leaving stock for finish passes and heat-treat movement. The key decision is how much allowance to leave for heat treat distortion.
3. **Heat Treatment.** 300M steel is heat treated by austenitizing at 871°C, oil quenching and double tempering at 290–315°C for a minimum of 2 hours each cycle per AMS 2759/2. AMS 2750 is the fundamental furnace quality standard for aerospace heat treatment and mandates Temperature Uniformity Surveys and System Accuracy Tests at defined intervals.
4. **Semi-Finish Turning After Heat Treat.** Semi-finish turning establishes datums and near-final geometry after heat treat distortion occurs. This pass removes the bulk of distortion and brings the part close to final dimensions before the critical finishing operations.
5. **Hard Turning and Grinding to Final Dimensions.** The process engineer selects hard turning, grinding or a combination based on the tolerance and surface integrity requirements of each feature. A common hardened-steel sequence removes the bulk of material while the steel is annealed, leaves a controlled stock allowance and then finish-machines the critical features in the hardened state.
6. **Shot Peening of Fatigue-Critical Surfaces.** Shot peening is specified as a mandatory process on nearly all high-strength steel aircraft undercarriage drawings because most fatigue cracks and stress-corrosion failures in metal components begin at the surface. Governed by AMS 2430 and AMS 2431, peening induces compressive residual stress at fillet radii, lug bores and thread roots.
7. **Plating and Finishing.** Hydrogen embrittlement forms the primary delayed failure risk for 300M forgings after electroplating. AMS 2759/9 requires baking at 191°C for a minimum of 4 hours within 4 hours of plating. Cadmium plating is covered by SAE AMS2400Z, which specifies requirements for electrodeposited cadmium on metal parts, and anodizing and passivation are applied as specified by the drawing.
8. **NDT and Final Inspection.** Typical NDT for landing gear components includes 100 percent immersion ultrasonic testing per AMS 2154, 100 percent fluorescent penetrant inspection per AMS 2647 Level 3 on all accessible machined surfaces and magnetic particle inspection per AMS 2641 on steel components. Final dimensional inspection with a full CMM report closes the quality record.

Each step carries a decision point: material condition, distortion allowance, hard turn versus grind and surface integrity verification. Consolidating those steps under one roof reduces handoffs and risk. Precision Advanced Manufacturing keeps the process route controlled and traceable through integrated multi-axis CNC turning, precision fabrication, welding, finishing and engineering support in one facility.

![A precision machine shop floor with CNC equipment and work cells.](https://cdn.aigrowthmarketer.co/1785163904437-77d81f3f11f5.webp)**Advanced manufacturing under one roof — a climate-stable, AS9100D-run shop floor where multi-axis CNC, turning, and fabrication cells work prototype-to-full-rate volumes.**

[Map a complete process route](https://precisionam.com/request-a-quote/?utm_source=ai-growht-agent&utm_term=cnc-turning-aerospace-landing-gear)

## Quality Standards and Documentation for Landing Gear Machining

Every operation in that process route is governed by a layered set of quality standards and AMS specifications. The primary framework includes:

- [**AS9100D** is the aerospace quality management system standard published by the International Aerospace Quality Group and builds on ISO 9001:2015 while adding requirements for risk management, configuration management, first article inspection and supplier control](https://le-creator.com/blog/aerospace-machining)
- **AS13100** defines aerospace engine and supplier quality requirements where OEM programs flow this down
- [**AS9102** defines requirements for performing and documenting aerospace first article inspection and is required for every new part number before production release](https://zetwerk.com/blog/processes-materials/precision-machining-aerospace-titanium-cobalt-chrome)
- [**NADCAP** is managed by the Performance Review Institute and covers special processes including heat treating, NDT, chemical processing, coatings, welding and surface enhancement](https://le-creator.com/blog/aerospace-machining)

[Governing AMS specifications for materials include AMS 6257 for 300M, AMS 6415 for 4340, AMS 4928 for Ti-6Al-4V, AMS 2759 for heat treatment of steel parts and AMS 2430 and AMS 2431 for shot peening](https://vinirforge.org/blog/as9100d-aerospace-forging-supplier-usa).

The documentation package for a landing gear machined component includes material certifications and heat lot traceability, process certifications, FAI reports per AS9102, CMM dimensional inspection reports, NDT certifications and a certificate of conformance. Lot traceability for aerospace components may include raw material heat and lot numbers, CNC machining batch, heat treatment batch, plating or coating batch, inspection records, operator approvals and final shipment records.

[ITAR registration is required for any supplier manufacturing, exporting or handling defense-related components under the U.S. Munitions List](https://le-creator.com/blog/aerospace-machining). Precision Advanced Manufacturing operates under AS9100D and ISO 9001:2015 registrations and is ITAR registered, with defined quality checkpoints, traceability and full documentation aligned with aerospace quality standards.

[Review quality and documentation support](https://precisionam.com/request-a-quote/?utm_source=ai-growht-agent&utm_term=cnc-turning-aerospace-landing-gear)

## RFQ and Supplier-Audit Checklist for CNC-Turned Landing Gear

This checklist outlines what to specify on an RFQ and verify during a supplier audit for CNC-turned landing gear components. Each item directly affects program risk, cost and schedule.

- **Material Alloy, AMS Specification, Condition and Certification.** Specify the alloy, the governing AMS specification, the required material condition such as annealed, normalized or hardened and the mill certificate and heat lot traceability requirements. Broken traceability can cause rejection even when dimensions meet print.
- **Critical Tolerances and Surface Finish on Sealing and Bearing Surfaces.** State the tolerance class for each critical feature. Landing gear and load-bearing structural frames follow the surface finish range noted earlier, with sealing diameters held tighter. Verify the supplier’s CMM capability and measurement uncertainty relative to the specified tolerance.
- **Heat Treat, Shot Peen, Plating and NDT Requirements.** Specify AMS 2759 for heat treatment, AMS 2430 and AMS 2431 for shot peening, AMS 2154, AMS 2647 and AMS 2641 for NDT and the applicable plating specification. Where program requirements call for NADCAP-accredited special processing, confirm that the supplier either holds the relevant NADCAP approval or uses an approved process route accepted by the customer.
- **FAI and Inspection Reporting Expectations.** [A full AS9102 FAI includes Form 1 for part number accountability, Form 2 for product accountability with material and process certifications and Form 3 for characteristic accountability listing every dimension, tolerance and specification](https://greattaiwangear.com/blog/aerospace-gear-manufacturing-guide). Confirm that the supplier can deliver all three forms with a ballooned drawing.
- **Traceability and Documentation Package.** Require material certifications, heat lot traceability, process certifications, CMM reports, NDT certifications and a certificate of conformance. [Aerospace traceability records are commonly retained for at least 10 years after the last delivery, and some customers require longer retention for flight-safety parts](https://bquq.com/technical-article/what-does-aerospace-manufacturing-require-for-precision-and-certification.html).
- **Certifications to Verify.** Confirm AS9100D, ISO 9001:2015, ITAR registration and NADCAP for special processes where applicable. Verify AS9100D certification through the [IAQG OASIS database, which shows certificate number, certification body, scope of certification, certificate status and next surveillance audit date](https://vinirforge.org/blog/as9100d-aerospace-forging-supplier-usa). Confirm that the scope covers the specific processes being sourced.
- **Scalability From Prototype to Full-Rate Production.** Supplier changes mid-program introduce requalification risk, new FAI requirements and traceability gaps. Confirm that the supplier has multi-shift capacity and a defined prototype-to-production transition process.

Precision Advanced Manufacturing satisfies this checklist and combines multi-axis CNC turning, in-house inspection and documented traceability in one facility. That integration keeps the process route from forging to flight-critical surface controlled from first article through full-rate production.

[Start a landing gear machining engagement](https://precisionam.com/request-a-quote/?utm_source=ai-growht-agent&utm_term=cnc-turning-aerospace-landing-gear)

## Read Next

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## Structured Data

### Article

- **Headline:** CNC Turning for Aerospace Landing Gear: Process Route
- **Description:** Precision Advanced Manufacturing machines flight-critical landing gear to tight tolerances. See our process route from forging to finished surface.
- **DateModified:** 2026-09-26T10:10:27.427Z
- **Image:** https://cdn.aigrowthmarketer.co/1785163965087-cefe2f64913c.webp, https://cdn.aigrowthmarketer.co/1785164215115-cf050b902241.webp, https://cdn.aigrowthmarketer.co/1785164194032-a09872ce26c4.webp, https://cdn.aigrowthmarketer.co/1785163886671-8f5217244f88.webp, https://cdn.aigrowthmarketer.co/1785163904437-77d81f3f11f5.webp
- **InLanguage:** en-US
  **Organization:**

  - **Name:** Precision Advanced Manufacturing
  - **Url:** https://precisionam.com

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- [ITAR CNC Lathe Services: Buyer Sourcing & Verification Guide](https://precisionam.com/articles/precision-machining/itar-cnc-lathe-services/)
- [The Definitive Guide to ITAR Swiss Machining](https://precisionam.com/articles/precision-machining/itar-swiss-machining-guide/)
- [ITAR CNC Machining Titanium Parts: A Buyer’s Guide](https://precisionam.com/articles/precision-machining/itar-cnc-machining-titanium-parts/)
- [Swiss Machining Services in Austin: A Supplier Buyer’s Guide](https://precisionam.com/articles/precision-machining/swiss-machining-services-austin/)
- [Tight-Tolerance ITAR CNC Machining: A Buyer’s Guide](https://precisionam.com/articles/precision-machining/tight-tolerance-itar-cnc-machining/)

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